SIDES 3 AND 4 CHAPTER 0 0 Introduction and credits STOP 451 Side One / Side Two directory CHAPTER 1 455 Electromagnetic Radiation 457 Introduction to EM radiation 469 Familiar examples of EM radiation 476 Astronomical examples of EM radiation 495 Color and luminosity of stars 516 The DoppIer effect 537 Principles of telescopes 551 Seeing effects 554 Light pollution 562 Types of telescopes 577 Image recording and enhancement techniques 626 Digital image enhancement techniques 656 Remote sensing applications CHAPTER 2 671 Glossary of terms and objects 673 The Big Bang 700 Classification of galaxies 727 Stellar evolution 771 Classification of nebulae 783 Interstellar dust and solar nebulae 790 Novae and their central stars 813 Supernovae and their central stars 848 Formation and effects of black holes CHAPTER 3 862 The Messier Catalog 863 Historical background 888 The complete Messier CataIog CHAPTER 4 1596 Catalog of special objects 1603 Structure of the Milky Way 1609 Visual plane of the Milky Way 1623 Determining the spiral shape of the Milky Way 1628 Maps of the Milky Way at different wavelengths 1636 Radio maps of the Milky Way at 21 cm 1703 Infrared studies of the Milky Way 1710 Studies of the center of the Milky Way 1728 Companion galaxies 1734 The Large and Small MageIlanic Clouds 1755 The Orion region 1796 Carina Nebula and Eta Carinae 1815 W-3 1820 Hyades 1823 T Tauri 1830 Binary star systems 1838 Solar layers at various wavelengths 1851 Lick H-alpha 101 1857 NGC 7027 1862 NGC 7000 1875 Tycho's supernova 1882 Vela supernova 1898 Cassiopeia A 1909 SS 433 1916 SS 450 1918 NGC 1068 1926 NGC 1097 1944 NGC 1232 1949 Perseus cluster and NGC 1275 1956 NGC 4151 1962 NGC 4380 1966 Centaurus A 1977 Cygnus A 1985 VV 172 1991 Interacting galaxies 2014 Quasars 2026 Double quasar and a gravitational lens CHAPTER 5 2032 Catalogs of galaxies 2033 Hubble Atlas 2217 Shapley-Ames catalog of bright galaxies 2308 Atlas of peculiar galaxies CHAPTER 6 2668 Sky surveys 2670 Introduction to the Palomar Sky Survey 2692 European Southern Sky Survey introduction 2702 European Southern Sky Survey highlights 2740 Messier objects to scale 2860 Scale of large objects - Palomar Sky Survey 2867 The Palomar Sky Survey - red plates CHAPTER 7 6649 Spectragraphic studies 6651 Spectra of comets 6662 Interstellar lines 6677 Spectra of nebulae 6697 Spectral classification of stars 6718 Spectroscopic binaries 6728 H-alpha line 6733 Solar flash spectrum 6738 Solar optical spectrum / 3900-6900 ang 6763 Solar-iron arc spectrum l 300-6600 ang 6880 Solar infrared spectrum / 6600-1200 ang CHAPTER 8 6971 History 6972 Historical photographs 7081 Mechanics and relativity CHAPTER 9 7113 Observatories and research centers 7117 Harvard College Observatory 7231 Infrared astronomy* IRAS 7255 Infrared astronomy - WIRO 7267 International Ultraviolet Experiment 7295 Lick Observatory 7544 Lowell Observatory 7711 McDonald Observatory 7735 Observatories on Mauna Kea 7804 Mt Wilson and Las Campanas Observatories 8101 National Optical Astronomy Observatory 8451 National Radio Astronomy Observatory 8638 National Solar Observatory 8663 Palomar Observatory 8945 Royal Observatory l Anglo-Australian Observatory 9110 Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory 9166 Space Telescope 9198 US Naval Observatory 9308 X-ray astronomy 9399 Yerkes Observatory 9433 Alfred University Observatory 9502 Misc domestic and international observatories 9543 University of Illinois - Urbana CHAPTER 10 9602 Planetaria and science centers 9603 History of Planetaria 9684 Planetaria sky shows 9799 Selected planetaria and science centers CHAPTER 11 9901 Skywatching and motions of Earth 9901 Motions of the Earth and Moon 9955 Lunar and solar eclipses 9975 Jovian eclipse 9977 Proper motion 9982 Effects of precession / coordinate systems 10008 Star charts and the ephemeris 10014 Amateur skywatching and photography 10090 Rotational rate of the Earth / 24-hour period STOP 10106 Rotational rate of the Earth / 1-hour period STOP 10167 Rotation of the celestial sphere STOP 10180 Analemma animation STOP 10224 The analemma 10225 Mercury - evening sky animation STOP 10240 Venus - morning sky animation STOP 10258 Venus- evening sky animation STOP 10277 Mars- retrograde path animation STOP 10288 Mars - retrograde illustration 10289 Uranus - retrograde path animation 10303 Neptune - retrograde path animation 10317 Pluto - retrograde path animation 10331 Jupiter and Saturn triple conjunction animation CHAPTER 12 10342 Introduction to the solar system 10344 Appearance of the major planets 10354 Physical and orbital data 10367 Cosmogony 10377 Composition of the planets 10389 Atmospheres of Venus, Earth, Mars, Io and Titan 10415 Venus, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune spectra 10423 Layers of the sun 10437 Art of Chesley Bonestell CHAPTER 13 10472 Mercury 10473 Physical data 10484 Mercury zoom 10490 Telescopic observations and early maps 10504 Atlas of Mercury from Mariner 10 data CHAPTER 14 10760 Venus 10762 Physical data 10772 Venus zoom 10781 Groundbased radar studies 10807 Topographic maps - spacecraft radar studies 10819 Illustrations of Venus' major sudace features 10828 Telescopic observations 10856 Mariner 10 observations 10873 Pioneer Venus observations 10935 Pioneer Venus photopolarimeter record 11089 Soviet Venera missions 11120 Future missions CHAPTER 15 11123 Earth 11127 Physical data 11140 Magnetic field and aurorae 11155 Rotation of the Earth 11189 Annular eclipse shadow path over the US 11201 The atmosphere from space 11279 Internal structure and plate tectonics 11297 Polar caps 11304 The oceans from space 11308 Landsat images 11397 Handheld photography by Shuttle astronauts 11511 Volcanic activity 11556 impact craters 11561 Life, UFOs, exobiology and SETI CHAPTER 16 11590 The Moon 11594 Evolution of the lunar surface 11599 Lunar orbit 11620 Historical drawings 11626 Telescopic observations 11654 Exploration by unmanned spacecraft 11682 Apollo photography from orbit 11768 Apollo surface photography 11775 Lunar samples CHAPTER 17 11784 Mars 11788 Physical data 11799 Mars zoom 11810 Phobos and Deimos 11816 Telescopic observations through color filters 11823 Early maps 11844 Photographic studies by Earl Slipher 11966 Mariner flyby missions 11981 Viking assembly and launch 12164 Global studies 12204 Topographic maps 12353 Viking orbiter survey of Martian geomorphology 12493 Viking orbiter color-processed images 12551 North polar region 12566 South polar region 12578 Vailes Marineris 12599 Olympus Mons 12639 Phobos 12660 Deimos 12673 Viking lander 12704 Chyrse Planitia 12799 Utopia 12905 Martian rock CHAPTER 18 12914 Jupiter 12916 Physical data 12928 Jupiter zoom 12935 Internal structure and atmosphere 12939 Jupiter's ring 12943 Major satellites 12959 Groundbased observations 12991 Photographic studies by Earl Slipher 13051 Pioneer 13065 Voyager 13083 Studies of Io 13126 Galileo CHAPTER 19 13129 Saturn 13131 Physical data 13143 Saturn zoom 13150 Ring system 13168 Major satellites 13189 Groundbased observations 13204 Photographic studies by Earl Slipher 13239 Pioneer 13252 Voyager CHAPTER 20 13261 The outer planets 13263 Uranus physical data 13276 Telescopic observations 13286 Discovery of rings 13291 Neptune physical data 13304 Telescopic observations I Voyager 2 encounter 13312 Pluto physical data 13323 Discovery of Pluto 13326 Telescopic observations 13331 Discovery of Charon CHAPTER 21 13336 The minor planets 13337 Asteroids 13345 Introduction to comets 13357 Halley's Comet 13386 Comet Kohoutek 13412 Comet-sun collisions 13426 Illustrations of comet encounter missions 13434 Meteorites CHAPTER 22 13445 Side One / Side Two movie directory SIDE 3 MOVIES CHAPTER 23 The real universe CHAPTER 24 North local void of galaxy clusters CHAPTER 25 Galaxy clustering in an expanding universe CHAPTER 26 Neutrino universe CHAPTER 27 Collapse of a rotating sphere of stars CHAPTER 28 Galaxy type Sc model CHAPTER 29 Milky Way model CHAPTER 30 M-31 model CHAPTER 31 Collision of disk galaxies in massive halos CHAPTER 32 Collision of disk galaxies CHAPTER 33 Vela orbit and sky scan pattern CHAPTER 34 X-ray sky - 7-year period CHAPTER 35 Hercules X-1 l motion studies CHAPTER 36 Hercules X-1 / 35-day intensity curve CHAPTER 37 Hertzsprung-Russell plot of solar evolution CHAPTER 38 Neutron star - density and velocity CHAPTER 39 Neutron star hydrodynamics -lapse function CHAPTER 40 Neutron star - Bel-Robinson vector CHAPTER 41 Accretion disk formation around a black hole CHAPTER 42 Colliding black holes CHAPTER 43 Vela pulsar CHAPTER 44 Doppler effect - moving car demonstration CHAPTER 45 Expansion of the universe CHAPTER 46 Kitt Peak - grinding the Mayall mirror CHAPTER 47 Kitt Peak - optics laboratory CHAPTER 48 Computer studies of M-104 CHAPTER 49 Just one more...NRAO interferometer SIDE 4 MOVIES CHAPTER 23 Terrestrial gravity CHAPTER 24 Lunar gravity CHAPTER 25 Einstein's principle of equivalence CHAPTER 26 Fluid behavior in microgravity CHAPTER 27 Conservation of angular momentum CHAPTER 28 Kepler's third law and orbit shaping CHAPTER 29 Stellar parallax - a trip to Alpha Centauri CHAPTER 30 Stellar parallax - a trip to Aldebaran CHAPTER 31 Proper motion CHAPTER 32 Ptolemaic model of the solar system CHAPTER 33 Heliocentric model of the solar system CHAPTER 34 Opposing orbits of Nereid and Triton CHAPTER 35 Relative orbits of the planets CHAPTER 36 Formation of the solar system CHAPTER 37 Venus topography CHAPTER 38 Earth topography CHAPTER 39 Polar orbit track and Seasat radar scan CHAPTER 40 Earth - Death Valley CHAPTER 41 Mars - Olympus Mons CHAPTER 42 Jupiter's magnetic field CHAPTER 43 Planetary ring systems CHAPTER 44 Voyager 2 extended mission CHAPTER 45 Pioneer Venus - targeting of probes CHAPTER 46 Pioneer Venus - atmospheric density profile CHAPTER 47 Pioneer Venus - atmospheric temperature CHAPTER 48 Pioneer Venus - atmospheric composition CHAPTER 49 Pioneer Venus - mass distribution CHAPTER 50 Pioneer Venus - temperature measurement CHAPTER 51 Pioneer Venus - IR map - north polar region CHAPTER 52 Pioneer Venus - global temperature profile CHAPTER 53 Pioneer Venus - greenhouse effect CHAPTER 54 Pioneer Venus - solar wind interaction CHAPTER 55 Ranger impact CHAPTER 56 Voyager 2 encounter of Jupiter CHAPTER 57 Jupiter rotation - Voyager 1 data CHAPTER 58 Saturn rotation - Voyager 1 data CHAPTER 59 Arecibo transmission of a SETI message